Clement attlee drug addiction

It is often difficult to detect his fingerprints in the surviving sources. Never a great gossip, Attlee revealed little of himself and his plans to those around him, and thus he remained a deeply enigmatic figure. Few politicians have matched his command of those skills.

Clement attlee drug addiction: British statesman who was Prime

Copyright Robert Crowcroft. Comment by Bryn Davies posted on 02 July Labour received more votes in and than it did incontrary to what is suggested above. Comment by Joseph Bailey posted on 02 October It would be interesting to be told more about Atlee's attitude towards the great upheaveals in the Labour party in the s. Very little has discussed about Atlee's political movements at this time, preferring instead to concentrate on his Finest Hour in the founding of the Welfare State after Comment by Debera Willis posted on 06 November A recent television series called The Crown indicates that Atlee was actually a drug addict is that true?

Comment by Tpup posted on 13 November Debera Willis you are talking about Anthony Eden who was prescribed a lot of drugs after his gall bladder surgery and the drugs had a ton of bad side effects. Comment by Nick posted on 20 November It's pretty clear in the series that those drugs he was prescribed were narcotics. The side effects being euphoria, pain relief and drowsiness.

Can't seem to find anything in the literature about this but then again this was probably common practice back then for an ulcer. This blog gives insights into the history of government — its development, its departments and some of the roles and people involved. Inwith a threadbare, bomb-damaged Britain gripped by a wave of strikes, the worst winter in living memory and a savage currency crisis, Cripps found himself staring into the economic abyss.

It would have been easy - and popular - to duck the challenge of the nation's desperate finances. But, unlike Alistair Darling, Cripps took the tough decisions to raise taxes, force down consumption and devalue the pound, all designed to boost British industry and exports. Within just a few years, austerity was forgotten and affluence was all the rage - not something, sadly, we will be saying about the s.

So, while it is easy to congratulate ourselves that some things are better now than they were 60 years ago, we would do clement attlee drug addiction to look back with rather more humility. By the time the Age of Austerity came to an end, most people were better fed and housed than before. They enjoyed rising wages and full employment, crime was low, the Armed Forces were well funded, and nobody talked about a broken Britain.

And, amid the rationing and the shortages, the freezing weather and the miserable headlines, our predecessors could at least console themselves that they were paying the price for defeating the foulest tyranny that clement attlee drug addiction stalked the earth. By comparison, we find ourselves in a new Age of Austerity - not because we sacrificed everything to fight the Nazis, but because of sheer self-indulgence, encouraged by a government that never knew when to say no.

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By December, the government concluded that although British property in China would likely be nationalised, British traders would benefit in the long run from a stable, industrialising Communist China. Retaining Hong Kong was especially important to him; although the Chinese Communists promised to not interfere with its rule, Britain reinforced the Hong Kong Garrison during When the victorious Chinese Communists government declared on 1 October that it would exchange diplomats with any country that ended relations with the Chinese Nationalists, Britain became the first western country to formally recognise the People's Republic of China in January Attlee became the first high-ranking western politician to meet Mao Zedong.

Attlee orchestrated the granting of independence to India and Pakistan in Attlee in — had been a member of the Indian Statutory Commission otherwise known as the Simon Commission. He became the Labour Party expert on India and by was committed to granting India the same independent dominion status that Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa had recently been given.

He set up the Cripps Mission inwhich tried and failed to bring the factions together. When Congress called for passive resistance in the Quit India movement of —, it was the British regime ordered the widespread arrest and internment for the duration of tens of thousands of Congress leaders as part of its efforts to crush the revolt. Congress, led by Nehru and Gandhidemanded immediate independence and full control by Congress of all of India.

That demand was rejected by the British, and Congress opposed the war effort with its " Quit India " campaign. The Raj immediately responded in by imprisoning the major national, regional and local Congress leaders for the duration. Attlee did not object. They greatly enlarged their membership and won favour from London for their decision.

Attlee retained a fondness for Congress and untilaccepted their thesis that they were a non-religious party that accepted Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, and everyone else. The Muslim League insisted that it was the only true representative of all of the Muslims of India. With violence escalating in India after the war, but with British financial power at a low ebb, large-scale military involvement was impossible.

Viceroy Wavell said he needed a further seven army divisions to prevent communal violence if independence negotiations failed. No divisions were clement attlee drug addiction independence was the only option. Attlee suggested in his memoirs that "traditional" colonial rule in Asia was no longer viable. He said that he expected it to meet renewed opposition after the war both by local national movements as well as by the United States.

Ultimately the Labour government gave full independence to India and Pakistan in through the Indian Independence Act. This involved creating a demarcation between the two regions which was known as the Radcliffe Line. The boundary between the newly created states of Pakistan and India involved the widespread resettlement of millions of Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims.

Almost immediately, extreme anti-Hindu and anti-Sikh violence ensued in LahoreMultan and Dacca when the Punjab province and the Bengal province were split in the Partition of India. This was followed by a rapid increase in widespread anti-Muslim violence in several areas including AmritsarRajkotJaipurCalcutta and Delhi. Historian Yasmin Khan estimates that over a million people were killed of which several were women and children.

He had become the expression of the aspirations of the Indian people for independence". Historian Andrew Roberts says the independence of India was a "national humiliation" but it was necessitated by urgent financial, administrative, strategic and political needs. Labour had looked forward to making it a fully independent dominion like Canada or Australia.

Many of the Congress leaders in the India had studied in England, and were highly regarded as fellow idealistic socialists by Labour leaders. Attlee was the Labour expert on India and took special charge of decolonisation. Krishna Menon as a candidate acceptable to all, in a series of clandestine meetings with Sir Stafford Scripps, and with Attlee.

Attlee also sponsored the peaceful transition to independence in of Burma Myanmar and Ceylon Sri Lanka. One of the most urgent problems facing Attlee concerned the future of the British mandate in Palestinewhich had become too troublesome and expensive to handle. British policies in Palestine were perceived by the Zionist movement and the Truman administration to be pro-Arab and anti-Jewish, and Britain soon found itself unable to maintain public order in the face of a Jewish insurgency and a civil war.

During this period, 70, Holocaust survivors attempted to reach Palestine as part of the Aliyah Bet refugee movement. Attlee's government tried several tactics to prevent the migration. Conditions in the camps were harsh and faced global criticism. Later, the refugee ship Exodus would be sent back to mainland Europe, instead of being taken to Cyprus.

In response to the increasingly unpopular mandate, Attlee ordered the evacuation of all British military personnel and handed over the issue to the United Nations, a decision which was widely supported by the general public in Britain. Attlee remained hostile to Israel years after its establishment. Indescribing the Israelis as extremely aggressive against the neighbouring Arab states and describing the Balfour Declaration as a mistake.

The government's policies with regard to the other colonies, particularly those in Africa, focused on keeping them as strategic Cold War assets while modernising their economies. The Labour Party had long attracted aspiring leaders from Africa and had developed elaborate plans before the war. Implementing them overnight with an empty treasury proved too challenging.

Development schemes were implemented to help solve Britain's post-war balance of payments crisis and raise African living standards. This "new colonialism" worked slowly, and had failures such as the Tanganyika groundnut scheme. The election gave Labour a massively reduced majority of five seats compared to the triple-digit majority of Although re-elected, the result was seen by Attlee as very disappointing, and was widely attributed to the effects of post-war austerity denting Labour's appeal to middle-class voters.

Some major reforms were nevertheless passed, particularly regarding industry in urban areas and regulations to limit air and water pollution. Bythe Attlee government was exhausted, with several of its most senior ministers ailing or ageing, and with a lack of new ideas. Aneurin Bevan resigned to protest against the new charges for "teeth and spectacles" in the National Health Service introduced by that Budget, and was joined in this action by several senior ministers, including the future Prime Minister Harold Wilsonthen the President of the Board of Trade.

Thus escalated a battle between the left and right wings of the Party that continues today. Attlee tendered his resignation as Prime Minister the following day, after six years and three months in office.

Clement attlee drug addiction: It's pretty clear in

Following the defeat inAttlee continued to lead the party as Leader of the Opposition. His last four years as leader were, however, widely seen as one of the Labour Party's weaker periods. The period was dominated by infighting between the Labour Party's right wing, led by Hugh Gaitskelland its left, led by Aneurin Bevan. Many Labour MPs felt that Attlee should have retired following election and allowed a younger man to lead the party.

Bevan openly called for him to stand down in the summer of Attlee, now aged 72, contested the general election against Anthony Edenwhich saw Labour lose 18 seats, and the Conservatives increase their majority. In an interview with the News Chronicle columnist Percy Cudlipp in mid-SeptemberAttlee made clear his own clement attlee drug addiction together with his preference for the leadership succession, stating:.

Labour has nothing to gain by dwelling in the past. Nor do I think we can impress the nation by adopting a futile left-wingism. I regard myself as Left of Centre which is where a Party Leader ought to be. It is no use asking, 'What would Keir Hardie have done? He retired as Leader of the Labour Party on 7 Decemberhaving led the party for twenty years, and on 14 December Hugh Gaitskell was elected as his successor.

He was one of the signatories of the agreement to convene a convention for drafting a world constitution. Attlee was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in for his support of the League of Nations and the United Nationsand received further nominations in andbut was unsuccessful on each occasion. He subsequently retired from the House of Commons and was elevated to the peerage as Earl Attlee and Viscount Prestwood on 16 December[ 80 ] taking his seat in the House of Lords on 25 January.

In his second speech delivered in November, Attlee claimed that Britain had a separate parliamentary tradition from the Continental European countries that comprised the EC. He also claimed that if Britain became a member, EC rules would prevent the British government from planning the economy and that Britain's traditional policy had been outward-looking rather than Continental.

He attended Winston Churchill's funeral in January He was frail by that time, and had to remain seated in the freezing cold as the coffin was carried, having tired himself out by standing at the rehearsal the previous day. He lived to see the Labour Party return to power under Harold Wilson inand also to see his old constituency of Walthamstow West fall to the Conservatives in a by-election in September Attlee died peacefully in his sleep of pneumoniaat the age of 84 at Westminster Hospital on 8 October He was cremated and his ashes were buried at Westminster Abbey.

The third earl a member of the Conservative Party retained his seat in the Lords as one of the hereditary peers to remain under an amendment to Labour's House of Lords Act The quotation about Attlee, "A modest man, but then he has so much to be modest about", is commonly ascribed to Churchill—though Churchill denied saying it, and respected Attlee's service in the War cabinet.

Attlee himself is said to have responded to critics with a limerick : "There were few who thought him a starter, Many who thought themselves smarter. His leadership style of consensual government, acting as a chairman rather than a president, won him much praise from historians and politicians alike. Christopher Soamesthe British Ambassador to France during the Conservative government of Edward Heath and cabinet minister under Margaret Thatcherremarked that "Mrs Thatcher was not really running a team.

Every time you have a Prime Minister who wants to make all the decisions, it mainly leads to bad results. Attlee didn't. That's why he was so damn good". Thatcher herself wrote in her memoirs, which charted her life from her beginnings in Grantham to her victory at the general electionthat she admired Attlee, writing: "Of Clement Attlee, however, I was an admirer.

Clement attlee drug addiction: Attlee had stomach ulcers and prostate

He was a serious man and a patriot. Quite contrary to the general tendency of politicians in the s, he was all substance and no show". Attlee's government presided over the successful transition from a wartime economy to peacetime, tackling problems of demobilisation, shortages of foreign currency, and adverse deficits in trade balances and government expenditure.

Further domestic policies that he brought clement attlee drug addiction included the creation of the National Health Service and the post-war welfare statewhich became key to the reconstruction of post-war Britain. Attlee and his ministers did much to transform the UK into a more prosperous and egalitarian society during their time in office with reductions in poverty and a rise in the general economic security of the population.

In foreign affairs, he did much to assist with the post-war economic recovery of Europe. He proved a loyal ally of the US at the onset of the Cold War. Due to his style of leadership, it was not he, but Ernest Bevin who masterminded foreign policy. It was Attlee's government that decided Britain should have an independent nuclear weapons programme, and work on it began in Bevin, Attlee's Foreign Secretary, famously stated that "We've got to have it [nuclear weapons] and it's got to have a bloody Union Jack on it".

The first operational British nuclear bomb was not detonated until Octoberabout one year after Attlee had left office. Independent British atomic research was prompted partly by the US McMahon Actwhich nullified wartime expectations of postwar US—UK collaboration in nuclear research, and prohibited Americans from communicating nuclear technology even to allied countries.

British atomic bomb research was kept secret even from some members of Attlee's own cabinet, whose loyalty or discretion seemed uncertain. Although a socialistAttlee still believed in the British Empire of his youth. He thought of it as an institution that was a power for good in the world. Nevertheless, he saw that a large part of it needed to be self-governing.

Using the Dominions of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand as a model, he continued the transformation of the empire into the modern-day British Commonwealth. His greatest achievement, surpassing many of these, was perhaps the establishment of a political and economic consensus about the governance of Britain that all three major parties subscribed to for three decades, fixing the arena of political discourse until the lates.

Attlee was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in Limehouse Library was closed inafter which the statue was vandalised. The council surrounded it with protective hoarding for four years, before eventually removing it for repair and recasting in There is also a statue of Clement Attlee in the Houses of Parliament [ ] that was erected, instead of a bust, by parliamentary vote in The sculptor was Ivor Roberts-Jones.

Attlee met Violet Millar while on a long trip with friends to Italy in They fell in love [ ] and were soon engaged, marrying at Christ Church, Hampsteadon 10 January It would come to be a devoted marriage, with Attlee providing protection and Violet providing a home that was an escape for Attlee from political turmoil. She died in Although his parents were devout Anglicans, with one of his brothers becoming a clergyman and one of his sisters a missionaryAttlee himself is usually regarded as an agnostic.

In an interview he described himself as "incapable of religious feeling", saying that he believed in "the ethics of Christianity" but not "the mumbo-jumbo". When asked whether he was an agnostic, Attlee replied "I don't know". Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version.

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See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. Citations [ edit ]. Ipsos MORI. Archived from the original on 12 September Retrieved 2 October Spartacus Education. Archived from the original on 25 July Retrieved 2 August The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January Retrieved 2 September Retrieved 7 May The London Gazette Supplement.

The London Gazette. The London Gazette 2nd supplement. The London Gazette 3rd supplement. Archived from the original on 28 July Retrieved 28 July Spartacus Educational. Archived from the original on 12 June Retrieved 26 July Archived from the original on 24 February Retrieved 9 November The longer I served him the greater was my respect and admiration for him.

I can never forget his kindness and consideration to me. He had a great sense of duty, high courage, good judgment and warm human sympathy. He was in the fullest sense of the term a good man. Parliamentary Debates Hansard. House of Commons. Retrieved 20 March Attlee on a war budget". The Times. Retrieved 9 January Retrieved 3 April Maxim Litvinov: A Biography.

Woodland Publications. The Fateful Years; Memoirs — London: Frederick Muller.

Clement attlee drug addiction: Also interesting, from those same

Retrieved 14 April The Economist. The Economist Intelligence Unit N. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 November Retrieved 20 November Archived from the original on 19 June Archived from the original on 3 August Retrieved 3 August Bogdanor ISBN Historical Journal 35 3 : — BBC History. Archived from the original on 26 December Retrieved 9 August Archived from the original on 20 July Austerity Britain — What Attlee would have made of today's grotesque political culture, with its moats and duck islands, its second homes and swimming pools and gardening bills charged to taxpayers, can only be imagined.

His great colleague and rival, Winston Churchill, once joked that Attlee was 'a modest man, but then he has so much to be modest about'. But Churchill later regretted being so rude about his wartime collaborator. Attlee, he said, was 'an honourable and gallant gentleman, and a faithful colleague who served his country well at the time of her greatest need'.

And the value of serving one's country is what emerges most clearly from Frank Field's collection of Attlee's essays - a reminder to today's MPs that there are some things much more enriching than a plasma screen TV, a large delivery of furniture from John Lewis or even an overpriced Kit-Kat from a hotel mini-bar. Today, historians remember Attlee as the man who presided over the creation of the NHS, the birth of the Welfare State and Britain's recovery from the suffering of wartime.

Yet we often forget that what really drove him was not the thirst for personal glory or the blinkered class resentment of today's politicians, but something now almost extinct: a quiet, profound sense of Christian duty. Although he became an agnostic in later life, it was his Christian ethics that turned this Haileybury public schoolboy and Oxford history graduate into a champion of the poor and advocate for social democracy.

Unlike today's Cabinet mediocrities, Attlee was a rounded, experienced human being, not a grasping political automaton. He never felt alone, he once wrote, because he could reach into his memory for verses of his beloved Tennyson, Browning and Swinburne. Collaborator: Winston Churchill described Attlee as a 'gallant gentleman'. But there were grimmer memories, too: the Gallipoli campaign inwhere he served as a captain and was the last man but one evacuated from Suvla Bay; or the campaign in Iraq a year later, clement attlee drug addiction he was badly wounded by shrapnel and sent home to recuperate.

His wartime service reminded him of the meaning of loyalty and brotherhood - a lesson, one suspects, that would be lost on many of his modern-day Labour successors. But as Field makes clear, it was a lesson that Attlee had already learned in the slums of East London. At Haileybury House, a club for poor Limehouse boys set up by his old school, the young lawyer in top hat and tails had come face to face with the realities of Edwardian poverty.

Attlee's commitment to helping the poor was more than political posturing. He often dared to think the unthinkable, once telling an audience of high-minded Lefties that their 'best act would be to get off the backs of the poor'. Unlike Gordon Brown, though, he recoiled from the idea of a 'strong central state' dictating people's lives.

For Attlee, the welfare state was all about enabling people to stand on their own two feet, not about targets, league tables and Whitehall directives. Indeed, the contrasts between Labour's greatest leader and the moral pygmies who purport to be his successors could hardly be more glaring. To Attlee, the idea of downplaying or apologising for Britain's historic achievements would have been simply unthinkable.